Historical Contributions
India has been a prominent participant in UN peacekeeping missions since its inception in 1948, contributing more than 200,000 troops over the decades. In the Korean War (1950-54), India played a pivotal mediator role by leading the Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission. During the Congo Crisis (1960-64), over 3,000 Indian personnel were deployed to stabilise the region, showcasing India’s ability to manage complex conflicts. More recently, India’s ongoing deployments in South Sudan have involved infantry battalions protecting civilians and supporting humanitarian efforts in one of the world’s youngest nations.
Current Involvement
As of 2024, India has approximately 5,394 personnel serving in various UN missions, including in South Sudan, Lebanon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These missions are crucial in protecting civilians, disarming combatants and aiding in the reconstruction of war-torn societies. India’s contribution to peacekeeping highlights its capability to operate in diverse and challenging environments, reinforcing its position as a global peacekeeper.
Strategic Objectives
India’s involvement in UN peacekeeping missions is guided by several strategic objectives. First, participation enhances India’s global influence by strengthening its voice in international forums, including the UN Security Council, supporting its long-standing bid for a permanent seat. Second, these missions provide invaluable operational experience, enabling Indian forces to operate effectively in diverse environments and sharpening their readiness for complex tasks. Lastly, India’s efforts contribute to regional stability, particularly in South Asia and Africa, aligning with its broader security and economic interests.
Challenges Faced by Indian Peacekeepers
Despite its significant contributions, Indian peacekeepers encounter numerous challenges. Operating in volatile conflict zones exposes them to asymmetric threats, including attacks from non-state actors. Limited funding and outdated equipment can sometimes compromise mission effectiveness and the safety of personnel. Additionally, balancing peacekeeping mandates with national interests and navigating international politics can be complex, particularly in missions with sensitive geopolitical implications.
Enhancing India’s Peacekeeping Role
To bolster its contributions, India must address key areas for improvement. Equipping peacekeepers with modern technology, such as drones, satellite communication and AI-driven analysis tools, can significantly enhance their operational efficiency. Specialised training focusing on cultural sensitivity, conflict resolution and rapid response capabilities is also crucial for preparing troops for diverse challenges. Advocating for greater representation in leadership roles within UN missions will amplify India’s influence in shaping peacekeeping strategies. Furthermore, collaborating with allies such as France and Japan to co-develop peacekeeping capabilities can foster more cohesive and effective operations.
Key Initiatives
India has implemented several initiatives to strengthen its peacekeeping contributions. The Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping (CUNPK), based in New Delhi, provides world-class training for peacekeepers, both domestic and international. India has also been at the forefront of deploying female peacekeepers, enhancing gender balance and contributing to mission success, particularly in regions where female engagement is critical. Additionally, through South-South Cooperation, India collaborates with developing nations to share expertise and resources, fostering solidarity and mutual support among Global South countries.
Conclusion
India’s active participation in UN peacekeeping operations underscores its unwavering commitment to global security and multilateralism. By modernising its approach, addressing challenges and fostering international partnerships, India can further enhance its role as a strategic asset in peacekeeping. This dedication not only strengthens global peace efforts but also reinforces India’s reputation as a responsible and capable global leader.