Cybersecurity Threats
The increasing digitisation of India’s economy and defence systems has elevated cybersecurity to a critical domain. Recent ransomware attacks on power grids and data breaches in defence networks underscore these vulnerabilities. India has undertaken key initiatives such as the National Cyber Security Strategy (2023), which provides a roadmap to enhance cyber resilience across sectors. The Defence Cyber Agency (DCA) focuses on protecting military networks and critical infrastructure. Additionally, India is fostering public-private partnerships to develop indigenous cybersecurity solutions. However, challenges like a shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals and inadequate international frameworks to address cyber warfare persist.
Biological Threats and Pandemic Preparedness
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the devastating impact of biological threats, while the potential for bioterrorism adds another layer of complexity. India has responded by strengthening institutions like the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and enhancing research capacities at organisations such as the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Collaboration with international organisations like the World Health Organisation (WHO) has enabled early warning systems and vaccine development. Moreover, India is ensuring stockpiles of personal protective equipment (PPE) and essential medical supplies.
Climate Change and Environmental Security
Climate change poses far-reaching implications for national security, including resource scarcity, forced migrations and natural disasters. India’s key measures include implementing the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), which focuses on renewable energy, water conservation and disaster resilience. The country is also developing military capabilities for disaster response, exemplified by the deployment of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) units. Regional cooperation with neighbouring countries on shared environmental challenges, such as water resource management, further underscores India’s proactive stance.
Transnational Crimes and Border Security
India’s strategic location makes it vulnerable to transnational crimes, such as drug trafficking, human trafficking and arms smuggling. To counter these threats, India has strengthened its border security forces, including the Border Security Force (BSF) and the Coast Guard. Regional intelligence sharing through platforms like SAARC and BIMSTEC has enhanced collaborative efforts. Additionally, advanced technologies such as surveillance drones and biometric systems are being leveraged to monitor and secure borders effectively.
International Collaborations
Addressing non-traditional threats requires global cooperation. India has partnered with organisations like the WHO and the United Nations on health and environmental initiatives. Regional forums such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) have provided platforms to address maritime security and climate challenges. Furthermore, India has deepened its ties with Quad partners to bolster cybersecurity and infrastructure resilience.
Challenges and Way Forward
Despite progress, challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, resource constraints and low public awareness remain. A multi-stakeholder approach involving government, private sectors and civil society is essential. Promoting education and skill development in critical areas like cybersecurity and disaster management will further strengthen India’s preparedness.
Conclusion
India’s proactive approach to countering non-traditional security threats reflects its commitment to safeguarding national and regional stability. By leveraging technology, fostering international collaborations and strengthening institutional frameworks, India is positioning itself to effectively tackle emerging challenges in this new age.